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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Vaccinations01:51

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Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

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Artificial Antigen Presentosomes for T Cell Activation.

Yi-Geng Pang1, Chien-Chung Chang2

  • 1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new, cost-effective system to generate large numbers of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells without using dendritic cells (DCs). This method simplifies T cell expansion for immunological studies.

Keywords:
Antigen presentationHuman leukocyte antigenMajor histocompatibility complexT cell activation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Adaptive Immunity

Background:

  • CD8+ T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity, requiring T cell receptor (TCR) activation by antigenic peptides on MHC class I molecules.
  • Antigen-specific CD8+ T cell expansion for research is challenging due to difficulties with dendritic cell (DC) preparations.
  • Current methods for generating large T cell populations are often laborious and variable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust and cost-effective system for generating antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
  • To overcome the limitations associated with traditional dendritic cell (DC)-based antigen presentation methods.
  • To provide immunologists with a simplified method for T cell expansion for functional studies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel dendritic cell (DC)-free antigen-presenting system.
  • Utilizing a system designed for efficient in vitro generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
  • Focusing on optimizing T cell activation and expansion protocols.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of a large number of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
  • Demonstration of a robust and reproducible DC-free system.
  • The new system is cost-effective compared to traditional methods.

Conclusions:

  • The described DC-free system offers a significant advancement for T cell research.
  • This method simplifies the process of obtaining large quantities of functional CD8+ T cells.
  • The system provides a valuable tool for immunological studies requiring expanded antigen-specific T cells.