[Cultural and social variability need to be included in development of methods]

Psychiatric treatment must be developed and adapted, as Sweden's population has become increasingly multicultural and many migrants are refugees from war and conflict areas. Methods and ways of working need to take account of cultural variation in the expression of symptoms and the fact that many refugees have experienced deeply traumatic events, such as torture and other violations of their human rights. Methods should be sensitive to patients' experiences, knowledge and social situation, and consider social determinants of health. Here we provide examples of evidence-based transcultural method development, with a particular focus upon adults and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also examine the cultural encounter as well as indicate areas in need of development.