Electrocardiogram-Based R Wave Pulse Wave Index for Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis

BACKGROUND Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people, which is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the benefits of the electrocardiogram (ECG)-based R wave pulse wave index (ERWVI) for the diagnosis of CA. MATERIAL AND METHODS According to CA examinations by color Doppler ultrasound, patients were assigned to positive and negative groups. The ECG R wave-Pulse wave transit time (ERWPTT) was obtained by synchronously collecting ECG signals (R wave in ECG) and the time variations in maximum finger pulse oxygen (DOP) on the ECG monitor. RESULTS ERPWI was positively correlated with sex, age, BMI, diastolic/systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, LDL-cholesterol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), creatinine, and homocysteine, and was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (P<0.05). With the increase of ERPWI, the incidence of CA significantly increased to various degrees among the subgroups (P<0.05). The binary logistic regression model showed that ERPWI was an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The ROC curve showed that when ERPWI was above 0.505, the incidence of CA increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS There is a close relationship between ERPWI and CA. ERPWI is an independent risk factor for CA. ERPWI ≥0.505 can be used as a diagnostic threshold for CA and a reference index for the diagnosis of CA.