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Maternal Mortality and Public Health Programs: Evidence from Florida.
Patrick Bernet1, Gulcin Gumus1,2, Sharmila Vishwasrao1
1Florida Atlantic University.
The Milbank Quarterly
|January 17, 2020
Summary
Public health spending significantly reduced maternal mortality rates among Black mothers and narrowed racial disparities. A 10% increase in spending led to a 13.5% decline in Black maternal deaths.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Disparities
- Maternal Health
Background:
- US maternal mortality rates (MMRs) are higher than in other developed nations and show significant racial disparities.
- Black mothers face a 3-4 times higher risk of maternal death compared to white mothers.
- Over half of maternal deaths are preventable, highlighting the potential of public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the impact of pregnancy-related public health programs on maternal mortality rates.
- To assess the effectiveness of public health spending in reducing racial disparities in maternal health outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal analysis of administrative data from 67 Florida counties (2001-2014).
- Utilized fixed-effects ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) models.
- GMM addressed potential endogeneity and serial correlation issues in public health expenditure impact.
Main Results:
- A 10% increase in public health expenditures was associated with a 3.9% decline in overall MMR (weakly significant).
- No statistically significant effect was found for white mothers.
- A 10% increase in spending led to a 13.5% decline in MMR for Black mothers and a 20.0% reduction in the Black-white MMR gap.
Conclusions:
- Public health programs are effective in reducing maternal mortality rates.
- Investments in public health spending can significantly decrease maternal deaths among Black mothers.
- Public health interventions are crucial for addressing and narrowing racial disparities in maternal health outcomes.
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