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A Fully Implantable Wireless Stimulation System for Pigeon Navigation.

Gwang Jin Choi, Jong-Mo Seo, Yoon-Kyu Song

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 18, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a wireless neural stimulation system to remotely navigate pigeons, demonstrating its feasibility for applications in hazardous environments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Animal Behavior

    Background:

    • Animal navigation research is crucial for applications in emergency and hazardous environments.
    • Remote navigation systems for animals can offer unique solutions for exploration and monitoring.
    • Previous systems often lacked full implantability or wireless control capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate a fully implantable, wireless neural stimulation system for remote navigation in freely moving animals.
    • To design and fabricate a system tailored to the specific anatomy of pigeons.
    • To demonstrate the in vivo feasibility of inducing specific behaviors through targeted neural stimulation.

    Main Methods:

    • A wireless animal navigation system was designed, comprising an external controller and a fully implantable neural stimulator.
    • Depth electrodes were fabricated based on pigeon brain anatomy, targeting the formatio reticularis medialis mesencephali (FRM).
    • The system delivered wireless, biphasic current pulses (400 μA amplitude, 80 μs duration, 58 Hz rate) to the FRM in pigeons.

    Main Results:

    • The fabricated electrodes exhibited an average impedance of 12.0∠-13.05° kΩ at 1 kHz.
    • Wireless stimulation of the FRM successfully induced turning/circling behaviors in pigeons lasting 6.2 seconds.
    • The system demonstrated successful in vivo operation and remote control of animal behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • A fully implantable wireless neural stimulation system for animal navigation was successfully developed and tested in pigeons.
    • The system's ability to induce specific behaviors via remote stimulation highlights its potential for practical applications.
    • This technology offers a foundation for future research in bio-integrated navigation and remote control of animal behavior.