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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
Published on: April 4, 2025
Topologies of G-quadruplex: Biological functions and regulation by ligands
Yue Ma1, Keisuke Iida2, Kazuo Nagasawa3
1Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan.
Abstract:
G-Quadruplex (G4) is one of the higher-order structures occurring in guanine-rich sequences of nucleic acids, and plays critical roles in biological processes. The G4-forming sequences can generate three kinds of topologies, i.e., parallel, anti-parallel, and hybrid, and these polymorphic structures have an important influence on G4-related biological functions. In this review, we highlight variety of structures generated by G4s containing various sequences and under diverse conditions. We also discuss the G4 ligands which induce specific topologies and/or conversion between different topologies.
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