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Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

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From systemic to selective brain cooling - Methods in review.

Fabrizio R Assis¹, Bharat Narasimhan², Wendy Ziai³

¹Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Brain Circulation

|January 18, 2020

Summary

Selective brain cooling (SBC) offers targeted neuroprotection by lowering brain temperature without affecting core body temperature. While promising in preclinical studies, further research is needed to optimize SBC techniques for clinical use.

Keywords:

Cooling methods neuroprotection selective brain cooling selective brain hypothermia therapeutic hypothermia

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Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Medical Technology

Background:

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a proven neuroprotective treatment.
Systemic TH has limitations due to side effects.
Selective brain cooling (SBC) aims to mitigate these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review concepts of TH and SBC.
To explore various cooling strategies and evidence.
To assess the potential of SBC in neuroprotection.

Main Methods:

Review of preclinical and clinical data on TH and SBC.
Analysis of different invasive and noninvasive SBC methods.
Evaluation of organ-specific, rapid, and deep brain cooling.

Main Results:

SBC shows promise in animal models with advantages over systemic TH.
Clinical investigations of SBC methods show variable but generally safe profiles.
Procedure-related complications and adverse events remain a concern.

Conclusions:

SBC is a promising neuroprotective modality.
Further research is required to define optimal SBC protocols.
Optimizing SBC could enhance neurological benefits while minimizing systemic risks.