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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
Published on: April 10, 2015
The Antimicrobial Activity of Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing the dppz Ligand
Xuewen Liu1,2, Biyun Sun1, Ruby E M Kell3
1School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
Abstract:
The cis-α isomer of [Ru(bb7 )(dppz)]2+ (dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine; bb7 =bis[4(4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)]-1,7-alkane) has been synthesised. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and the minimum bactericidal concentrations of [Ru(bb7 )(dppz)]2+ and its parent complex [Ru(phen)2 (dppz)]2+ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) were determined against a range of bacteria. The results showed that both ruthenium complexes exhibited good activity against Gram-positive bacteria, but [Ru(bb7 )(dppz)]2+ showed at least eightfold better activity against the Gram-negative bacteria than [Ru(phen)2 (dppz)]2+ . Luminescence assays demonstrated that [Ru(bb7 )(dppz)]2+ accumulated in a Gram-negative bacterium to the same degree as in a Gram-positive species, and assays with liposomes showed that [Ru(bb7 )(dppz)]2+ interacted more strongly with membranes than the parent [Ru(phen)2 (dppz)]2+ complex. The DNA binding affinity for [Ru(bb7 )(dppz)]2+ was determined to be 6.7 × 106 m-1 . Although more toxic to eukaryotic cells than [Ru(phen)2 (dppz)]2+ , [Ru(bb7 )(dppz)]2+ exhibited greater activity against bacteria than eukaryotic cells.
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