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Researchers created a tunable superfluid oscillator circuit using ultracold atoms. This circuit acts like a Helmholtz resonator at low currents but becomes turbulent at higher currents, requiring new models for superfluid dissipation.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Superfluidity in ultracold atoms offers a unique platform for studying quantum phenomena.
  • Oscillator circuits are fundamental in various physical systems, including acoustics and quantum devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize and characterize a tunable superfluid oscillator circuit in a quantum gas.
  • To develop and verify a lumped-element description for this superfluid circuit.
  • To investigate the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in superfluid circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental realization of a superfluid oscillator circuit using ultracold atoms.
  • Characterization of circuit behavior at varying oscillator currents.
  • Comparison of experimental results with theoretical models, including Helmholtz resonance and phase-slip models.

Main Results:

  • The superfluid oscillator circuit is accurately described as a Helmholtz resonator at low currents.
  • At higher currents, the circuit exhibits turbulent shedding of vortices and density waves, indicating a breakdown of the Helmholtz regime.
  • Observed resistive behavior deviates from predictions of simple phase-slip models.

Conclusions:

  • A highly tunable superfluid oscillator circuit has been experimentally realized and modeled.
  • The transition to turbulence in superfluid circuits necessitates the development of new empirical models.
  • Understanding dissipation in superfluid circuits requires accounting for turbulent dynamics, analogous to classical acoustic systems.