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Attachment in OCD: A meta-analysis.

W A van Leeuwen1, G A van Wingen1, P Luyten2

  • 1Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Journal of Anxiety Disorders
|January 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attachment insecurity, including anxiety and avoidance, is significantly linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This meta-analysis confirms a robust association, suggesting attachment-based approaches may improve OCD treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
AttachmentMeta-analysisObsessive compulsive disorderPsychodynamicSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often explained by cognitive-behavioral models.
  • Attachment theory offers insights into affective and developmental factors influencing OCD.
  • Growing empirical evidence suggests a link between attachment insecurity and OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the relationship between attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • To integrate attachment theory with existing cognitive-behavioral models of OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search for studies on adult OCD and general populations with OCD symptoms.
  • Calculation of effect sizes for attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance.
  • Meta-regression analysis incorporating demographic covariates.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis.
  • Significant medium to large effect sizes were found for both attachment anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.69) and attachment avoidance (Hedges' g = 0.47) in relation to OCD.
  • No significant difference in effect sizes was observed between OCD patient populations and general population studies.

Conclusions:

  • Robust effect sizes support an attachment-centered perspective on OCD.
  • Integrating cognitive and attachment-based therapies may benefit OCD patients, particularly those with hindered treatment due to developmental or emotional factors.