Residual rotation of forearm amputation: cadaveric study
Geon Lee1, Sung-Jae Kim2, Joo Hyung Ha3
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea.
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|January 20, 2020
Summary
Forearm amputation significantly reduces residual rotation, with closer proximity to the elbow causing greater loss. Preserving pronator muscles allows full pronation, while the supinator is crucial for supination.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Biomechanics
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Forearm amputation presents challenges in restoring rotational function.
- Understanding residual limb rotation and muscle contribution is vital for prosthetic design and rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate residual rotation in forearm amputation stumps.
- To determine the contribution of specific muscles to residual rotation after amputation.
Main Methods:
- Cadaveric forearm specimens underwent simulated amputations at varying lengths (25cm, 18cm, 10cm).
- Muscles involved in rotation (supinator, pronator teres, pronator quadratus, biceps brachii) were isolated.
- Electric actuators simulated muscle traction to measure pronation and supination at different elbow flexion angles.
Main Results:
- Residual rotation decreased significantly with shorter stumps: 148° (25cm), 117.5° (18cm), and 63° (10cm).
- Disorganized rotation was noted near the elbow amputation site.
- Pronator teres and pronator quadratus enabled full pronation; supinator was essential for supination, with biceps brachii contributing variably.
Conclusions:
- Amputation site proximity to the elbow significantly impacts residual rotation.
- 80% pronosupination was preserved at an 18cm stump.
- Individual pronator muscles can achieve full pronation, highlighting their importance in functional restoration.
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