Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
10:03

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: June 27, 2025

622

Left ventricular hypertrophy in isolated and dual masked hypertension

Cesare Cuspidi1,2, Rita Facchetti1, Fosca Quarti-Trevano1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
|January 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Masked hypertension (MH), where office blood pressure is normal but home or ambulatory readings are high, is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Isolated MH poses a similar LVH risk as dual MH.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Masked hypertension (MH) is characterized by normal office blood pressure (BP) with elevated readings during ambulatory BP monitoring (ABP) or home BP monitoring (HBPM).
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, often associated with hypertension.
  • The clinical implications of different masked hypertension phenotypes, particularly isolated forms, on cardiac structure require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various masked hypertension phenotypes (isolated home MH, isolated ambulatory MH, dual MH) and echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
  • To compare the risk of LVH in individuals with different types of masked hypertension versus true normotensives.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1087 participants from the PAMELA study with normal office BP and measurable left ventricular mass (LVM).
  • Classification of participants into true normotensives and different masked hypertension subgroups based on office, home, and ambulatory BP measurements.
  • Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVM/BSA) and prevalence of LVH.

Main Results:

  • 17.7% of participants exhibited some form of masked hypertension.
  • Average LVM/BSA was significantly higher in all masked hypertension phenotypes compared to true normotensives.
  • The prevalence of LVH was similar across isolated home MH, isolated ambulatory MH, and dual MH groups, ranging from 8.3% to 10.8%.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated masked hypertension, whether from elevated home or ambulatory BP, is associated with an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.
  • The risk of LVH in isolated masked hypertension is comparable to that observed in dual masked hypertension.
  • Both home and ambulatory BP measurements are crucial for accurately assessing cardiovascular risk, specifically LVH, in individuals with masked hypertension.

Keywords:
general populationleft ventricular hypertrophymasked hypertension

More Related Videos

A Rat Model of Pressure Overload Induced Moderate Remodeling and Systolic Dysfunction as Opposed to Overt Systolic Heart Failure07:13

A Rat Model of Pressure Overload Induced Moderate Remodeling and Systolic Dysfunction as Opposed to Overt Systolic Heart Failure

Published on: April 30, 2020

6.8K
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricle Function in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension07:38

Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricle Function in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Published on: January 20, 2023

4.4K

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
607
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
310
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
315
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
644
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
385
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
255