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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
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The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate...
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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
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Progresses on the structure and function of cohesin.

Yu Zhang1, Yu da Fang1

  • 1Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|January 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cohesin, a protein complex crucial for cell division and gene regulation in animals, has largely unknown functions in plants. This review explores plant cohesin

Keywords:
SMCcell cyclecohesinthree-dimensional genometranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein complex forming a ring structure essential for chromatin organization during cell division.
  • In metazoans, cohesin functions as an intermolecular linker, regulating enhancer-promoter interactions and influencing gene expression.
  • The specific roles of cohesin in transcriptional regulation within the plant kingdom remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the structure and core subunits of cohesin.
  • To summarize factors influencing cohesin's dynamic association with chromatin.
  • To prospect the potential functions of plant cohesin in transcriptional regulation by integrating recent findings in plants and animals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing functional studies of plant cohesin.
  • Integration of research on animal cohesin's roles in 3D genome organization and gene transcription.
  • Comparative analysis of cohesin functions across eukaryotic kingdoms.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of cohesin's conserved ring structure and subunits.
  • Summary of known regulatory factors affecting cohesin's chromatin binding dynamics.
  • Established roles of cohesin in animal gene regulation and genome architecture.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesin's fundamental role in chromatin organization is conserved across eukaryotes.
  • Significant gaps exist in understanding cohesin's specific functions in plant transcriptional regulation.
  • Further research into plant cohesin is warranted to elucidate its contributions to gene expression and genome stability.