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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

Nursing Ethical Principles II

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Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Nausea and Vomiting: a Palliative Care Imperative.

Rita J Wickham1

  • 1Adjunct Faculty, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA. rita.j.wickham@gmail.com.

Current Oncology Reports
|January 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing nausea and vomiting (N&V) in advanced cancer is complex due to multiple causes. This review integrates palliative care with antiemetic strategies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Extrapyramidal syndromesNausea and vomitingPalliative careProlonged QT

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Palliative Care
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nausea and vomiting (N&V) in advanced cancer is often multifactorial, stemming from causes like constipation, opioids, and malignant bowel obstruction.
  • Nausea is more prevalent and persistent than vomiting, significantly impacting patient well-being, potentially leading to anxiety and depression.
  • While vomiting pathways involve the brainstem, nausea pathways engage higher brain regions, suggesting distinct therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey recent literature on the pharmacologic management of nausea and vomiting (N&V) in advanced cancer.
  • To integrate findings into a comprehensive article emphasizing palliative care principles in antiemetic treatment.
  • To address the limited research and identify gaps in understanding N&V management in advanced cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research reports and clinical reviews on antiemetic pharmacotherapy in advanced cancer.
  • Focus on studies incorporating palliative care concepts.
  • Analysis of common and undetermined causes of N&V in this patient population.

Main Results:

  • Few studies specifically address N&V in advanced cancer, often due to the complexity and patient burden.
  • Oncology literature infrequently covers novel therapies like cannabinoids for N&V.
  • Existing antiemetic drugs act on various receptors, but research supporting palliative choices is limited.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for more research to support palliative antiemetic strategies.
  • Further investigation is required to develop therapeutic approaches that differentiate between nausea and vomiting mechanisms.
  • Integrating palliative care concepts is crucial for effective N&V management in advanced cancer.