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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Cellular senescence contributes to age-dependent changes in circulating extracellular vesicle cargo and function.

Faisal J Alibhai1, Fievel Lim1, Azadeh Yeganeh1

  • 1Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Aging Cell
|January 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Aging significantly alters circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), affecting their concentration, size, and function. Cellular senescence drives these age-related EV changes, offering a new therapeutic target.

Keywords:
agingextracellular vesiclesmicroRNAplasmasenescencesenolytic

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Aging Research
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication through cargo transfer.
  • Circulating EVs are studied as aging biomarkers, but age-related changes and mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how circulating EVs change with age.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying age-associated alterations in EV cargo and function.
  • To explore the role of cellular senescence in these EV modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circulating EV concentration, size, and cargo in young versus old mice.
  • Functional assays assessing the impact of young vs. old EVs on macrophage and endothelial cells.
  • Bone marrow transplant studies and senolytic treatment to investigate underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Aging profoundly alters circulating EV concentration, size, cargo, and function.
  • CD63+ EVs from old mice impair immune and vascular responses compared to young EVs.
  • Cellular senescence, not circulating cell age, drives age-associated EV changes; senolytic treatment rejuvenates EV phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • Senescent cells are a key contributor to age-related alterations in plasma EVs.
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which senescence impacts systemic cellular functions.
  • Targeting cellular senescence may offer a strategy to modulate age-associated EV changes.