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Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

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In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
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The flow table test is an established method used to assess the workability of concrete, particularly useful for evaluating highly flowable concrete mixes. This test employs an apparatus that consists of a wooden board topped with a steel plate, collectively weighing 35 pounds. The board is connected to a base via a hinge and measures 27.6 inches on each side.
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Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

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Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
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Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving01:28

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A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...
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Faster, more accurate, stack-flow measurements.

A N Johnson1, I I Shinder1, B J Filla1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|January 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new non-nulling pitot probe method accurately measures flue gas flow in coal power plants, offering a faster alternative to EPA Method 2F. This advancement improves greenhouse gas emission quantification and calibration accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science and engineering
  • Atmospheric chemistry and physics
  • Industrial emissions monitoring

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of flue gas velocity is essential for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants.
  • Current EPA-approved methods, like EPA Method 2F using 5-hole spherical probes, require time-consuming probe rotation (nulling) to determine yaw angle, impacting efficiency.
  • Existing 2-hole S-probes offer faster measurements but with lower accuracy compared to nulling techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a time-saving, non-nulling technique for measuring flue gas velocity using a spherical probe.
  • To compare the accuracy and efficiency of the novel non-nulling method against the established EPA Method 2F (nulling technique).
  • To demonstrate the viability of the Non-Nulling Method for accurate flow rate determination in coal-fired power plant stacks.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a non-nulling spherical probe technique measuring all three velocity components.
  • Comparative testing of the non-nulling method and EPA Method 2F at a coal-fired power plant smokestack under varying load conditions (16 m/s and 7 m/s).
  • Utilizing pitot traverse methods for flow relative accuracy test audit (RATA) during calibration procedures.

Main Results:

  • The non-nulling technique demonstrated excellent agreement with the EPA Method 2F, with flow measurements within 0.3% of each other.
  • Testing confirmed that the non-nulling method provides accurate flue gas flow measurements comparable to or better than EPA Method 2F.
  • The Non-Nulling Method was found to be approximately 5 times faster to implement than the EPA Method 2F.

Conclusions:

  • The developed non-nulling spherical probe technique is a viable and accurate alternative for measuring flue gas flows in coal-fired power plants.
  • This method offers significant time savings compared to existing EPA-sanctioned procedures, enhancing the efficiency of stack monitor calibration.
  • Improved accuracy and efficiency in flow measurements are critical for precise greenhouse gas emission reporting and environmental compliance.