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Direct-drive double-shell implosion: A platform for burning-plasma physics studies.

S X Hu1, R Epstein1, W Theobald1

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Direct-drive double-shell inertial confinement fusion (ICF) offers higher energy coupling. Novel designs show potential for fusion energy gain, despite challenges with laser-driven instabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Engineering
  • Plasma Science

Background:

  • Indirect-drive ICF designs have limitations in inner-shell kinetic energy transfer.
  • Direct-drive ICF (D^{3}S) offers improved energy coupling for implosions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate direct-drive double-shell (D^{3}S) implosions using advanced physics models.
  • To explore mitigation strategies for instabilities in ICF targets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized radiation-hydrodynamic codes (lilac and draco) with nonlocal thermal transport, cross-beam energy transfer (CBET), and advanced material properties.
  • Proposed a tungsten-beryllium-mixed inner shell with gradient-density layers for stability.
  • Simulated D^{3}S implosions with a 70-μm beryllium outer shell driven by a 1.9-MJ laser pulse.

Main Results:

  • One-dimensional simulations predicted neutron yields of ~6 MJ.
  • Two-dimensional simulations showed high-adiabat D^{3}S implosions are resistant to laser imprint.
  • Long-wavelength perturbations and CBET were identified as detrimental, but neutron yields of 0.3-1.0 MJ were still obtained.

Conclusions:

  • The D^{3}S scheme provides a viable platform for burning-plasma physics.
  • Achieving break-even or moderate energy gain is anticipated with CBET mitigation and increased laser energy.