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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications
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Chalcogenide and Phosphide Solid-State Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation.

Bo You1, Yujie Sun1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.

Chempluschem
|January 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Efficient, low-cost electrocatalysts like transition-metal chalcogenides and phosphides show promise for clean hydrogen (H₂) production via water splitting. Optimizing these materials is key to advancing sustainable H₂ generation.

Keywords:
chalcogenselectrochemistryhydrogenphosphideswater splitting

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic water splitting offers a sustainable route for clean hydrogen (H₂) production.
  • Transition-metal chalcogenides and phosphides are emerging as highly active H₂-evolution electrocatalysts.
  • Their performance is approaching that of expensive platinum-group metals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in chalcogenide and phosphide electrocatalysts for H₂ generation.
  • To highlight strategies for electronic and structural optimization of these catalysts.
  • To summarize trends in bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of representative catalytic systems.
  • Analysis of electronic and structural optimization techniques.
  • Summary of recent developments in bifunctional catalysts.

Main Results:

  • Chalcogenides and phosphides demonstrate significant electrocatalytic activity for H₂ evolution.
  • Electronic and structural modifications enhance catalyst performance.
  • Bifunctional catalysts are being developed for efficient overall water splitting.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized transition-metal chalcogenides and phosphides are viable low-cost alternatives for H₂ production.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and unlock future opportunities in electrocatalyst development.
  • Advancements in catalyst design are crucial for scalable and sustainable hydrogen generation.