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Destabilizing evolutionary and eco-evolutionary feedbacks drive empirical eco-evolutionary cycles.

Michael H Cortez1,2, Swati Patel3, Sebastian J Schreiber4

  • 1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|January 23, 2020
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We found that feedbacks between species interactions and evolution typically stabilize ecological systems. However, feedbacks involving victim species often destabilize systems, impacting ecosystem stability.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Ecological and evolutionary processes are intertwined, influencing community dynamics.
  • Understanding eco-evolutionary feedbacks is crucial for predicting ecosystem stability.
  • Previous studies have explored these interactions, but a unified method for analysis was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel method for identifying the influence of ecological, evolutionary, and eco-evolutionary feedbacks on system stability.
  • To analyze nine empirical eco-evolutionary models of exploiter-victim systems.
  • To determine which specific feedbacks lead to stable steady states versus sustained oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new analytical framework to assess system stability.
  • Application of the framework to nine existing, empirically-parameterized eco-evolutionary models.
  • Categorization of feedbacks into ecological, evolutionary, and eco-evolutionary interactions.

Main Results:

  • Ecological feedbacks, and those involving exploiters (predators, pathogens), are generally stabilizing.
  • Feedbacks involving victim species (prey, hosts) are more frequently destabilizing.
  • Eco-evolutionary feedbacks rarely changed overall stability predictions but can alter the speed of evolutionary change.

Conclusions:

  • The type of species involved in evolutionary and eco-evolutionary feedbacks significantly impacts system stability.
  • Victim-driven feedbacks pose a greater risk to ecosystem stability.
  • Future research should continue applying this method to more empirical communities to validate observed patterns.