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Occlusal load modelling significantly impacts the predicted tooth stress response during biting: a simulation study
Harnoor Saini1, David C Ackland2, Lulu Gong3
1Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
|January 23, 2020
Summary
Computational models help analyze biting forces on teeth. Different load models significantly impact enamel stress predictions, but have less effect on dentin, highlighting the need for accurate modeling in dental research.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanical Engineering
- Dental Mechanics
- Computational Biology
Background:
- Computational models of the masticatory system are crucial for evaluating prosthodontic devices and surgical planning.
- Accurate modeling assumptions are essential for reliable predictions of occlusal loading during biting and chewing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a computational model for calculating the stress response of the first molar during biting.
- To assess the influence of various occlusal load models on the stress distribution within dental structures.
Main Methods:
- A 3D finite element model of the mandible, molar, and associated structures was created.
- Simulations involved applying muscle forces and computing contact during a maximum force bite on a rubber sample.
- Occlusal forces were modeled using different approaches: a general contact (GS) case, single point force (CF1), four point forces (CF2), and sphere contact (SL).
Main Results:
- Peak enamel stress varied significantly across models: 110 MPa (GS), 677 MPa (CF1), 270 MPa (CF2), and 305 MPa (SL).
- Peak dentin stress showed less variation: 44 MPa (GS), 46 MPa (CF1), 50 MPa (CF2), and 63 MPa (SL).
- Enamel stress distribution was highly sensitive to the occlusal load model used.
Conclusions:
- The method of modeling occlusal load substantially influences enamel stress response during biting.
- The chosen load model has a minor impact on dentin stress.
- Using simplified models like point forces or sphere contact can overestimate enamel stress magnitude and alter its distribution.
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