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Longitudinal Differences in Response to Name Among Infants Developing ASD and Risk for ADHD
Burt Hatch1, Ana-Maria Iosif2, Annie Chuang3
1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. bhatch@ucdavis.edu.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|January 25, 2020
Summary
Diminished response to name in infancy may signal risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By 24 months, this response becomes a specific indicator for ASD.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Pediatric Psychiatry
Background:
- Diminished response to name is a potential early marker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- This early sign may also indicate risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by attention problems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if response to name ability differs across developmental trajectories.
- To determine if response to name serves as an early, general, or specific marker for ASD and ADHD.
Main Methods:
- A familial risk design was employed to study infants at risk.
- Response to name was assessed at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age.
- Infants were categorized into three groups based on 36-month outcomes: ASD, ADHD Concerns, or Comparison.
Main Results:
- Persistent differences in response to name between the ASD and Comparison groups emerged by 12 months.
- Differences between the ADHD Concerns and Comparison groups were observed only between 12 and 18 months.
- Response to name appears to be a general risk indicator for both ASD and ADHD in infancy.
Conclusions:
- Response to name is a potential general marker for ASD and ADHD risk during infancy.
- By 24 months of age, diminished response to name becomes a specific indicator for ASD.
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