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Assessment of the immunocrit method to detect failure of passive immunity in newborn foals
Eduardo Mortola1,2, Graciela Miceli1, Laura Alarcon1
1Department of Applied Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Background:
In newborn foals the absorption of colostrum immunoglobulins in the small intestine is maximal up to 8 hours after birth and then progressively decreases to become null after 24 hours post-partum. Thus, equine practitioners need a simple, quick, inexpensive and reliable field test to identify foals affected by failure of passive transfer rather than an accurate method yielding quantitative results within the whole range of immunoglobulin concentrations.
Objective:
As the validity of the immunocrit method to detect failure of passive transfer in foals had not been evaluated before, the objective of this study was to test the ability of this method to detect the concentration of immunoglobulins in a large number of foal serum samples.
Study Design:
Assay validation using samples collected for clinical purposes.
Methods:
The immunocrit test, using a 40% ammonium sulphate solution, was used to measure the concentration of immunoglobulins in serum samples from 211 newborn Thoroughbred foals. The results were compared, by statistical analysis, with those of agarose gel electrophoresis, a reference quantitative method.
Results:
The values obtained by the immunocrit method were significantly correlated (R = .871; P < .001) with those measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. A cut-off value of 8 g/L of serum immunoglobulins by agarose gel electrophoresis and its equivalent of 9.5% for the immunocrit test was indicative of failure of passive transfer. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunocrit method at this cut-off point were 94% (95% CI, 90-97.3) and 82% (95% CI, 72.13-91.8) respectively.
Main Limitations:
Variable times of sample extraction after colostrum suckling, over the study period.
Conclusions:
The immunocrit test provides a quantitative, quick, inexpensive, reliable and objective method to detect failure of passive transfer of maternal immunity in newborn foals, which is easy to perform directly in horse farms, with minimum laboratory equipment.
