Echocardiographic Changes in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Hypertension

BACKGROUND Whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is independently associated with structural heart abnormalities is controversial because of confounders associated with T2DM. This study aimed to investigate echocardiographic features in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, exploring changes in cardiac structure and function. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of new T2DM cases treated at the Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University (Changzhou) in 2014-2016. In all, 128 T2DM cases were included (62 hypertensive and 66 non-hypertensive individuals). Controls were selected among individuals who underwent examination at the same department/period. Interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), posterior left ventricular wall thickness (PWTD), left ventricle mass (LVM), end-diastolic thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (Dd), aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter (LAd), left atrial diameter fraction-shortening values, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were determined routinely. RESULTS IVST, LVEDD, PWTD, Dd, LAd, and left atrial diameter fraction-shortening values were larger in patients with T2DM (all P<0.05 vs. controls). LVM was higher in T2DM patients (median, 57.12 vs. 54.77 g, P=0.001). There were no differences in aortic root diameter and EF (both P>0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that IVST (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.76, P=0.04), LAd (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.07-1.25, P<0.001), TGs (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.09-1.63, P=0.005), and HDL (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.02-2.08, P=0.04) were independently associated with hypertension in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM already display structural heart abnormalities. LAd and IVST are independently associated with hypertension in these patients, probably contributing to increased cardiovascular risk.