Recent progress of heterostructure-based photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical biosensing: a mini review

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing has received increasing attention due to its great potential in the analysis of biomarkers. The performance of a PEC biosensor depends largely on photosensitive materials. The photoactive materials with excellent properties are of great importance to realize advanced PEC bioassays. Recently, as a special class of nanocomposites, heterostructures consisting of different types of semiconductors with potential applications in PEC systems have witnessed the rapid development to improve the performance of PEC biosensors. In this review, the research progress on the promising heterostructures has been introduced and summarized, and the applications of such heterostructures in PEC bioassays are provided. The future development of heterostructures pertaining to PEC biosensing systems has also been briefly discussed.