Importance of Stem Cell Migration and Angiogenesis Study for Regenerative Cell-based Therapy: A Review

Stem cells play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis, as well as participating in new tissue regeneration. Over the past 20 years, a great deal of effort has been made to investigate the behaviour of stem cells to enable their potential use in regenerative medicine. However, a variety of biological characteristics are known to exist among the different types of stem cells due to variations in the methodological approach, formulation of cell culture medium, isolation protocol and cellular niches, as well as species variation. In recent years, cell-based therapy has emerged as one of the advanced techniques applied in both medical and clinical settings. Cell therapies aim to treat and repair the injury sites and replace the loss of tissues by stimulating the repair and regeneration process. In order to enable the use of stem cells in regenerative therapies, further characterisation of cell behaviour, in terms of their proliferation and differentiation capacity, mainly during the quiescent and inductive state is regarded as highly necessary. The central focus of regenerative medicine revolves around the use of human cells, including adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for cell-based therapy. The purpose of this review was to examine the existing body of literature on stem cell research conducted on cellular angiogenesis and migration, to investigate the validity of different strategies and variations of the cell type used. The information gathered within this review may then be shared with fellow researchers to assist in future research work, engaging in stem cell homing for cell-based therapy to enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration process.