Enzyme embedded metal organic framework (enzyme-MOF): De novo approaches for immobilization

The porous material has been considered as a potential candidate for immobilizing enzymes. Recently, metal organic framework (MOF) has been emerged as a hybrid organic inorganic material with unique intrinsic properties such as well-defined pore structure, excellent chemico-thermal stability, and extremely high surface areas which make them as a suitable scaffold for enzyme immobilization. The outstanding improvement in catalytic performance, high enzyme loading capacity, remarkable interaction between enzyme and MOF are the key features of the novel enzyme-MOF biocomposites. Amongst different immobilization approaches of enzyme-MOF composite development, de novo strategy received immense attention due to rapid, facile, mild immobilization procedure which exhibits potentially superior catalytic activity and extraordinary operational stability. This review presents a holistic insight of two different de novo strategies i.e. co-precipitation and biomineralization with state-of-art examples. Further, the recent developments in enzyme-MOF composites along with their potential features and characteristics are exploited in terms of catalytic activity, thermal/chemical stability, Michaelis-Menten kinetics, recyclability and storage stability. The advanced de novo strategies such as multi-enzyme catalytic system and magnetic enzyme-MOF are explored in the latter part of highlights.