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Updated: Dec 29, 2025
Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
Published on: August 4, 2014
Cribriform Plate, Crista Galli, Olfactory Fossa and Septal Deviation
Mehmet Hamdi Şahan1, Mikail Inal1, Nuray Bayar Muluk2
1Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.
Objectives:
In the present study, we investigated the relationship between olfactory fossa, cribriform plate, crista galli and nasal Septal Deviation (SD). Keros classification of olfactory fossa was also performed.
Methods:
This study was performed retrospectively. Computerized Tomography (CT) images of 200 adult subjects were observed. Unilateral nasal Septal Deviation (SD) cases were included into the study. On coronal CT scans, SD side and location, SD angle, cribriform plate width, olfactory fossa depth (Keros classification) and width, area of the olfactory fossa, crista galli length, width and pneumatization were evaluated.
Results:
Anterior and anteroposterior deviations were detected mainly. In females, 64.0% and in males, 45.3% of the SDs were located anteriorly. In males, anteroposterior SDs (40.0%) were detected more than females. In anteroposterior SDs, SD angle was higher than anterior SDs. With higher SD angle, crista galli width and height decreased. Cribriform plate width, olfactory fossa height, width and area values of contralateral side were significantly higher than those of the ipsilateral side. For Keros classification, in male group, type 1 (53.3%) and in females, type 2 (57.6%) was detected at ipsilateral side. For contralateral side, type 2 Keros was detected in both genders. Complete crista galli pneumatization was observed in 4.0% and partial pneumatization was detected in 12.0%. In 84% of the patients, there is no Crista galli pneumatization. With the presence of pneumatized crista galli, contralateral Keros values decreased. Crista galli height and contralateral olfactory fossa width showed positive correlation. In older patients, cribriform plate width decreased.
Conclusion:
In our study, there was no Keros type 3 olfactory fossa. In males' contralateral side of SD; and in females both ipsilateral and contralateral side of SD, Keros type 2 olfactory fossa were detected. Therefore, during sinus surgery, surgeons should work carefully not to made intracranial penetration.
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