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Ethnic differences in seclusion and restraint.

M D Carpenter1, V R Hannon, G McCleery

  • 1Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962.

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Racial and ethnic disparities in psychiatric seclusion or restraint were examined. No significant differences were found among White, Black, or Hispanic patients regarding confinement, but age and diagnosis varied, with age being a key factor.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Health Services Research
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Seclusion and restraint are used in psychiatric settings, but their application across different ethnic groups requires further investigation.
  • Understanding potential ethnic disparities in the use of these restrictive measures is crucial for equitable patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze ethnic differences in the use of seclusion or restraint among psychiatric patients.
  • To identify factors contributing to any observed ethnic variations in confinement episodes.

Main Methods:

  • Data from 587 patients across 19 New York State psychiatric hospitals were analyzed over a 4-week period.
  • Patient data included ethnic group, sex, ward type, confinement details (frequency, length, reason), medication administration, age, diagnosis, and assault targets.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found among White, Black, and Hispanic patients regarding sex, ward type, confinement frequency, length, reason, or as-needed medication.
  • Ethnic groups differed in age, diagnosis, and the target of assaults.
  • When analyzed by age, minority patients were not overrepresented in the seclusion/restraint sample.

Conclusions:

  • Age was the most significant variable explaining ethnic differences in psychiatric confinement.
  • The study highlights the importance of considering age in conjunction with ethnicity when examining restrictive interventions in psychiatric care.