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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements01:28

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements

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Concrete pavement joints are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of pavement by controlling where and how the pavement cracks. These joints can be categorized based on their functions, such as contraction or control joints, construction joints, isolation joints, and expansion joints.
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The construction of masonry paving involves using materials such as bricks, stones, and concrete masonry units. These materials are chosen for their shape, color, strength, and resistance to abrasion and weathering. Masonry units can be installed dry on a thin layer of sand and a gravel base, or they can be embedded in mortar or asphalt on a concrete slab. For areas subjected to heavy vehicular loads, a rigid base layer of reinforced or unreinforced concrete is recommended. In contrast,...
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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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Workability of Concrete01:25

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The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
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A Weigh-in-Motion Characterization Algorithm for Smart Pavements Based on Conductive Cementitious Materials.

Hasan Borke Birgin1, Simon Laflamme2, Antonella D'Alessandro1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, via Goffredo Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 30, 2020
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Summary

This study introduces a new algorithm for smart pavements to perform weigh-in-motion (WIM) characterization. The system accurately identifies vehicle axle weights and counts, even in noisy conditions or with multiple trucks.

Keywords:
bridgemonitoringpiezoresistivesmart materialsmart pavementweigh-in-motion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Road infrastructure monitoring traditionally requires costly instrumentation.
  • Smart materials offer a cost-effective solution by enabling self-sensing capabilities in pavements.
  • Piezoresistive smart materials change electrical resistance with applied strain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel algorithm for weigh-in-motion (WIM) characterization using smart pavements.
  • To enable multifunctional roadways capable of self-sensing vehicle loads.
  • To assess the algorithm's performance under various conditions, including noise and bidirectional traffic.

Main Methods:

  • Generating basis signals using finite element modeling of the smart pavement structure under vehicle loads.
  • Matching measured signals to basis signals to determine vehicle axle count and weight.
  • Utilizing temporal correlation of signals across pavement sections for accurate weight determination.
  • Numerical validation using Eurocode-defined truck types and a comprehensive noise study.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm successfully performed WIM characterization, identifying vehicle axle weights and counts.
  • Accurate characterization was achieved even with multiple trucks traveling in opposite directions on the same pavement sections.
  • A noise level below 5% in measurements was found to yield good WIM characterization results.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed algorithm effectively empowers smart pavements with WIM capabilities.
  • This technology offers a promising, cost-effective approach to continuous road infrastructure monitoring.
  • The system demonstrates robustness against noise and complex traffic scenarios.