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Mid Infrared Optical Gas Sensor Using Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.

Raghi S El Shamy1,2, Diaa Khalil2, Mohamed A Swillam3

  • 1Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.

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We developed a novel on-chip gas sensor using metal-insulator plasmonic waveguides for mid-infrared detection. This optimized design offers high sensitivity and cost-effectiveness for gas sensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Gas sensors are crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial safety.
  • Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy offers unique molecular fingerprinting capabilities.
  • On-chip plasmonic waveguides provide a platform for miniaturized and highly sensitive sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and optimize an on-chip gas sensor utilizing metal-insulator (MI) plasmonic waveguides in the mid-infrared range.
  • To achieve high sensitivity and performance for both wavelength and intensity interrogation schemes.
  • To propose a design that minimizes sensitivity to wavelength variations and is cost-effective.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configuration.
  • Incorporating a high-index dielectric layer on a metal-insulator plasmonic waveguide to enhance sensitivity.
  • Optimizing the thickness and refractive index of the dielectric layer.
  • Investigating both wavelength and intensity interrogation methods.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a sensitivity of 10000 nm/RIU with a figure of merit (FOMλ) of 133 RIU⁻¹ for wavelength interrogation.
  • Demonstrated an FOMI of 239 RIU⁻¹ for intensity interrogation with the first design.
  • The second design achieved an FOMI of 363 RIU⁻¹, with minimized sensitivity to wavelength variations.
  • Both designs operate around 4.6 µm wavelength and have a length of 250 µm.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed MI plasmonic waveguide MZI gas sensor offers high performance for MIR gas sensing.
  • The intensity interrogation scheme provides an advantage by eliminating the need for bulky and expensive wavelength measurement equipment.
  • The fabricated structures are compact, cost-effective, and easy to manufacture, paving the way for practical applications.