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Updated: Dec 29, 2025
Development of a Cell Co-Culture Model to Mimic Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion In Vitro
Published on: October 13, 2021
A Comorbidity Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Hypercholesterolemia in Rat Cardiac Myocyte
András Makkos1, Ágnes Szántai2, János Pálóczi2
1Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Insights
This study developed a cell-based model for heart conditions involving high cholesterol and diabetes. The model shows that these conditions worsen heart injury, aiding cardioprotective drug development.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Cell Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Comorbidity models are essential for developing cardioprotective drugs.
- Hypercholesterolemia exacerbates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury.
- Existing animal models show impaired endogenous cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic states.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a medium-throughput, cell-based comorbidity system for myocardial I/R injury.
- To mimic conditions of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in a cardiac cell model.
- To facilitate research in cardioprotection for comorbid heart disease.
Main Methods:
- Neonatal and adult rat cardiac myocytes were cultured in hypercholesterolemic (hiChol) and/or hyperglycemic media.
- Cells were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) or normoxic conditions.
- Assessed cell viability, total cell count, and oxidative stress (ROS, superoxide) using fluorescent assays.
Main Results:
- hiChol myocytes showed reduced viability and increased superoxide levels, further worsened by SI/R.
- Hyperglycemia combined with hiChol and SI/R significantly increased cell death and oxidative stress.
- Adult hiChol myocytes exhibited decreased viability and increased superoxide, aggravated by SI/R and hyperglycemia.
Conclusions:
- hiChol cardiac myocytes exhibit reduced viability and increased oxidative stress, exacerbated by SI/R and hyperglycemia.
- This cell-based system effectively mimics cardiac pathology in comorbid hearts with I/R and hypercholesterolemia.
- The model provides a valuable platform for studying cardioprotective strategies in complex cardiac conditions.
Introduction:
The use of comorbidity models is crucial in cardioprotective drug development. Hypercholesterolemia causes endothelial and myocardial dysfunction, as well as aggravates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury. Endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms against I/R are impaired in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic in vivo animal models. Therefore, our aim was to develop a medium throughput comorbidity cell-based test system of myocardial I/R injury, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia that mimics comorbidity conditions.
Methods:
Cardiac myocytes isolated from neonatal or adult rat hearts were cultured in control or in three different hypercholesterolemic media with increasing cholesterol content (hiChol) or hiChol + hyperglycemic medium, respectively. Each group was then subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) or corresponding normoxic condition, respectively. Cholesterol uptake was tested by Filipin staining in neonatal cardiac myocytes. Cell viability, total cell count and oxidative stress, i.e., total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide level were measured by fluorescent assays.
Results:
Neonatal cardiac myocytes took up cholesterol from the different hiChol media at a concentration-dependent manner. In normoxia, viability of hiChol neonatal cardiac myocytes was not significantly changed, however, superoxide levels were increased as compared to vehicle. After SI/R, the viability of hiChol neonatal cardiac myocytes was decreased and total ROS level was increased as compared to vehicle. HiChol combined with hyperglycemia further aggravated cell death and oxidative stress in normoxic as well as in SI/R conditions. Viability of hiChol adult cardiac myocytes was significantly decreased and superoxide level was increased in normoxia and these changes were further aggravated by SI/R. HiChol combined with hyperglycemia further aggravated cell death, however level of oxidative stress increased only in normoxic condition.
Conclusion:
HiChol rat cardiac myocytes showed reduction of cell viability and increased oxidative stress, which were further aggravated by SI/R and with additional hyperglycemia. This is the first demonstration that the combination of the current hypercholesterolemic medium and SI/R in cardiac myocytes mimics the cardiac pathology of the comorbid heart with I/R and hypercholesterolemia.
