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Prey density affects predator foraging strategy in an Antarctic ecosystem.

Karl M Busdieker1, Samantha C Patrick1, Alice M Trevail1

  • 1School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK.

Ecology and Evolution
|January 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Predators like south polar skuas avoid areas with high densities of Antarctic petrels, their prey. This predator avoidance occurs during chick-rearing, possibly due to chick defense tactics.

Keywords:
Antarctic petrelhabitat selectionprey defenseprey densitysouth polar skua

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Predator-Prey Dynamics

Background:

  • Investigating predator behavior in multi-prey systems is complex.
  • Closed ecosystems with single predator-prey species offer ideal conditions to study prey density effects.
  • Antarctic ecosystems provide unique opportunities for such studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how prey density influences the foraging behavior of a predator in an isolated Antarctic ecosystem.
  • To test hypotheses regarding prey density's role in predator behavior within a simplified ecological setting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resource selection models to analyze predator habitat use.
  • Compared prey density in predator-utilized areas with pseudoabsences.
  • Employed fine-scale GPS telemetry data for predator location tracking.

Main Results:

  • Antarctic petrel density was negatively associated with south polar skua habitat use.
  • Skuas were less likely to forage in areas with higher petrel densities.
  • This avoidance behavior was observed only during the chick-rearing period, not incubation.

Conclusions:

  • Prey density significantly influences predator foraging behavior in this Antarctic system.
  • South polar skuas avoid high-density Antarctic petrel areas during chick-rearing.
  • Group defense strategies by petrel chicks, such as oil spitting, may explain this observed avoidance.