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Age-related changes in neuromotor function when performing a concurrent motor task.

Brittany Samulski1, Jessica Prebor2, Cortney Armitano-Lago2

  • 1School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA. bspear@odu.edu.

Experimental Brain Research
|January 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show slower movement but similar chewing rates compared to younger adults. Chewing impacts other motor tasks, sometimes enhancing coordination and sometimes causing interference.

Keywords:
AgeChewingCouplingEntrainmentGait

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Area of Science:

  • Motor control and aging
  • Human physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Aging leads to physiological changes, including slowed voluntary movements.
  • Dual-task conditions can exacerbate motor slowing in older adults.
  • Chewing is a fundamental cyclical motor task with potential dual-task implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize healthy adult chewing patterns.
  • To investigate the effects of concurrent chewing on reaction time, finger tapping, and gait.
  • To explore the interplay between chewing and other motor tasks in young and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Chewing rates measured via masseter muscle electromyography (EMG).
  • Gait and tapping rates assessed using accelerometers.
  • Simple reaction time (RT) measured with a custom switch.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited slower walking, tapping, and reaction times than younger adults; chewing rates were similar.
  • Chewing influenced secondary motor task performance across all age groups.
  • Concurrent chewing demonstrated entrainment with cyclical tasks (gait, tapping) but interference with reaction time.

Conclusions:

  • Chewing's effect on secondary motor tasks varies, showing both coupling and interference.
  • Dual-tasking involving chewing has bidirectional effects on motor performance.
  • Age-related motor slowing is distinct from chewing motor control.