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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.6K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.6K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

384
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
384
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

615
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
615
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

360
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
360
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

248
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
248
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

603
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
603

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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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Highlights in heart failure.

Daniela Tomasoni1, Marianna Adamo1, Carlo Mario Lombardi1

  • 1Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Cardiothoracic Department, Civil Hospitals, Brescia, Italy.

ESC Heart Failure
|January 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent heart failure (HF) treatments show promise. New drugs like sacubitril/valsartan and dapagliflozin improve outcomes for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with ongoing research for other HF types.

Keywords:
HFmrEFHFpEFHFrEFacute heart failureheart failuretreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity.
  • Active research is ongoing to improve HF management and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on recent advancements in all aspects of heart failure.
  • To review new therapeutic strategies and diagnostic approaches for HF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses.
  • Summarization of key findings in HF drug treatment and patient management.

Main Results:

  • Sacubitril/valsartan demonstrated efficacy in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), replacing ACE inhibitors/ARBs.
  • Dapagliflozin (a sodium-glucose transporter type 2 inhibitor) showed benefits in HFrEF patients.
  • Abnormal serum potassium levels have prognostic significance; potassium-lowering agents may facilitate mineralocorticoid antagonist use.
  • Ferric carboxymaltose shows improved outcomes in iron-deficient HF patients.
  • Research is expanding to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with mid-range ejection fraction.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in pharmacotherapy for HFrEF.
  • Further research is needed for HFpEF diagnosis and treatment.
  • Emerging therapies offer new hope for improving the quality of life and prognosis for HF patients.