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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

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Published on: January 9, 2016

A web-based episodic specificity and future thinking session modulates delay discounting in cannabis users.

Michael J Sofis¹, Shea M Lemley¹, Dustin C Lee²

¹Center for Technology and Behavioral Health.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors

|January 31, 2020

Summary

Online episodic training (ET) reduced delay discounting of gains for cannabis users. This intervention may positively impact factors related to reducing cannabis use, suggesting potential for mHealth applications.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Behavioral Science
Addiction Research

Background:

Episodic future thinking (EFT) interventions improve delay discounting (DD) in individuals dependent on nicotine and alcohol.
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health concern, with limited effective interventions.
Understanding psychological constructs influencing cannabis use is crucial for developing targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of a single-session, online episodic training (ET) intervention on constructs relevant to cannabis use and CUD.
To assess the impact of ET on delay discounting (DD) for gains and losses, and readiness to change cannabis use.
To investigate the role of episodic specificity induction (ES) in enhancing the quality of episodic thinking.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial with 200 active cannabis users recruited online.
Participants were assigned to either an episodic future thinking (EFT) group or an episodic recent thinking (ERT) control group.
Interventions included a novel episodic specificity induction (ES) for the ET group and an ES attention control for the ERT group. DD tasks and readiness to change measures were administered.

Main Results:

The ET group reported significantly higher quality and manipulation ratings compared to the control group.
Episodic training significantly reduced delay discounting of gains in the ET group compared to the control group.
While the ET group showed pre/post increases in readiness to change cannabis use, these did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

A single session of online ET positively impacts factors related to cannabis use reduction, particularly delay discounting of gains.
ET shows promise as a component of mHealth interventions for reducing cannabis use.
Further research is warranted to explore the differential effects of EFT and ES components and to develop ET as an adjunctive treatment for CUD.