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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Published on: July 22, 2019

Contralateral canes for knee osteoarthritis.

Francesca Moller¹, Luis Ortiz-Muñoz², Sebastián Irarrázaval³

¹Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Proyecto Epistemonikos, Santiago, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-7896-2037.

|January 31, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Using a cane on the opposite side of the knee may reduce pain for individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Evidence suggests a potential slight improvement in function, though certainty is low.

Keywords:

Epistemonikos GRADE cane knee osteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Rheumatology
Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

Knee osteoarthritis (KO) is a widespread condition causing significant disability.
Non-pharmacological treatments, including cane use, are explored for KO management.
Evidence on the efficacy of contralateral cane use in knee OA is inconclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of contralateral cane use for knee osteoarthritis.
To synthesize evidence from existing systematic reviews and primary studies.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search conducted in Epistemonikos, a major health systematic review database.
Inclusion of data from three systematic reviews, encompassing four studies (one randomized trial).
Meta-analysis performed with data reanalysis and GRADE approach for evidence certainty assessment.

Main Results:

Contralateral cane use in knee OA patients likely leads to pain reduction.
A possible minor improvement in physical function was observed.
The overall certainty of the evidence supporting these findings is low.

Conclusions:

Contralateral cane use is probably beneficial for pain management in knee osteoarthritis.
The impact on function is potentially small, with low certainty evidence.
Further high-quality research may be needed to confirm these effects.