Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metagenomic analysis of tongue samples from healthy subjects identifies distinct microbiome orotypes.

Journal of oral microbiology·2026
Same author

Periodontitis Prediction Model Using Linked Electronic Health and Dental Records.

JDR clinical and translational research·2026
Same author

Vendor-specific microbiomes influence oral cancer development and its response to <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> intervention in mice.

Journal of oral microbiology·2026
Same author

Quantifying periodontitis-associated oral dysbiosis in tongue and saliva microbiomes-An integrated data analysis.

Journal of periodontology·2024
Same author

Manipulating the diseased oral microbiome: the power of probiotics and prebiotics.

Journal of oral microbiology·2024
Same author

Hemin availability induces coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression changes in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>.

mSystems·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells
12:16

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

26.9K

Modeling Normal and Dysbiotic Subgingival Microbiomes: Effect of Nutrients.

D Baraniya1, M Naginyte2, T Chen3

  • 1Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|January 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Developing an effective in vitro model for studying oral microbiome health and disease is crucial. Researchers found that saliva with 5% human serum best replicated both healthy and periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiomes.

Keywords:
biofilmdysbiosishigh-throughput nucleotide sequencingin vitro techniquesmicrobiotaperiodontitis

More Related Videos

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

17.7K
Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip
08:15

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip

Published on: February 16, 2024

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells
12:16

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

26.9K
Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

17.7K
Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip
08:15

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip

Published on: February 16, 2024

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Screening for microbiome modulators necessitates a high-throughput in vitro model that accurately replicates subgingival dysbiosis and normobiosis.
  • A tool to measure microbial dysbiosis is essential for such screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test various formulations for growing health- and periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiomes in parallel.
  • To describe a new subgingival dysbiosis index for measuring microbial shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Subgingival plaque samples from healthy and periodontitis subjects were used to inoculate a Calgary Biofilm Device.
  • Microbiomes were grown on different nutrient-rich and nutrient-limited media, including saliva with varying human serum concentrations.
  • Microbiomes were assessed for biomass, viability, 16S rRNA profiles, richness, diversity, and a calculated dysbiosis index.

Main Results:

  • Saliva-serum media maximized microbial viability and showed the highest species richness and similarity to clinical samples.
  • Periodontitis-derived microbiomes consistently exhibited higher species richness and alpha diversity compared to health-derived ones.
  • While optimal for replication, serum inclusion increased dysbiosis in healthy microbiomes, particularly due to Porphyromonas species overgrowth.

Conclusions:

  • Saliva supplemented with 5% inactivated human serum was identified as the optimal medium for replicating both healthy and periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiomes in vitro.
  • The study introduces a novel dysbiosis index, offering a quantitative measure for microbial imbalance in subgingival environments.
  • The findings provide a foundation for developing high-throughput screening models for microbiome modulators in periodontitis research.