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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Does short-term memory develop?

Gary Jones1, Lucy V Justice1, Francesco Cabiddu1

  • 1Nottingham Trent University, UK.

Cognition
|February 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental increases in short-term memory (STM) capacity are questioned. Digit span performance gains are explained by linguistic exposure, not increased STM capacity, suggesting associative learning drives verbal memory development.

Keywords:
Associative learningCapacityChild developmentDigit spanShort-term memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Developmental increases in short-term memory (STM) capacity are widely accepted.
  • Traditional STM measures, like digit span, show age-related performance gains.
  • A discrepancy exists: digit span improves faster than other verbal material spans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fundamentally challenge the assumption that STM performance increases are due to capacity growth.
  • To explain the 'digit superiority with age' effect.
  • To propose an alternative mechanism for age-related verbal memory improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing findings on digit span versus other verbal material spans.
  • Development of an associative learning model.
  • Examination of corpus data from children (2-3 and 4-6 years) and adults.

Main Results:

  • The 'digit superiority with age' effect is explained by greater linguistic exposure to digit sequences.
  • A simple associative learning process, driven by language exposure, accounts for performance gains.
  • Age-related improvements in other verbal material spans are also explained by this associative learning model.

Conclusions:

  • Digit span tests may not measure a dedicated STM system with increasing capacity.
  • Associative learning and expanding language exposure are key drivers of verbal memory development.
  • Re-evaluation of typical and atypical development models that rely on STM capacity is warranted.