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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Employing Pressurized Hot Water Extraction PHWE to Explore Natural Products Chemistry in the Undergraduate Laboratory
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Rapid extraction method of polycyclic aromatic compounds in soil using basic silica selective pressurized liquid

Ivan A Titaley1, Ulrika Eriksson1, Maria Larsson1

  • 1Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 701 82, Sweden.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|February 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) method using basic silica for improved recovery of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and azaarenes, in soil samples. The optimized SPLE method enhances analytical throughput and precision for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
AzaarenesOxygenated PAHs (OPAHs)Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs)Selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE)Soil

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Contaminated soils often contain complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), posing environmental and human health risks.
  • Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with silica clean-up is common for PAC analysis but shows limited recovery for azaarenes.
  • Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) recovery is satisfactory with silica clean-up, but azaarenes recovery is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) method for enhanced recovery of OPAHs and azaarenes in soil.
  • To validate the SPLE method for a broad range of PACs, including OPAHs, azaarenes, alkylated PAHs, and sulfur heterocycles (SPACs).
  • To improve sample analysis throughput by eliminating the need for an additional clean-up step.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with in-cell clean-up using basic silica.
  • Optimized SPLE parameters: 4 g basic silica, dichloromethane, 100% flush volume, 100-120 °C extraction temperatures, two static cycles, no rinse, and specific purge times.
  • Validated the method using certified reference material and compared results with inter-laboratory data for 87 PACs.

Main Results:

  • The optimized SPLE method demonstrated results in agreement with certified values and inter-laboratory data.
  • Achieved lower variation for OPAH and azaarene analysis compared to previous methods, indicating improved precision.
  • Successfully applied the SPLE method for rapid screening of PACs in three soil samples, increasing analysis throughput.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SPLE method effectively enhances the recovery of both OPAHs and azaarenes in soil samples.
  • SPLE offers a more precise and efficient alternative to traditional PLE methods with separate silica clean-up.
  • This method is suitable for rapid screening and analysis of diverse PACs in environmental soil matrices.