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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Acetals and Thioacetals as Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones01:24

Acetals and Thioacetals as Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones

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Acetals are formed by reacting two equivalents of alcohol with carbonyl compounds like aldehydes or ketones. Acetals are unaffected by bases, nucleophiles, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents. They serve as protecting groups for aldehydes and ketones. Acetals can be easily formed and also easily removed via mild acid hydrolysis.
In the presence of multiple functional groups, when selective reduction of one group over the other is desired, groups like aldehydes and ketones that form acetals...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

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Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...
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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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A self-adjusting platinum surface for acetone hydrogenation.

Benginur Demir1,2, Thomas Kropp1, Keishla R Rivera-Dones1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platinum catalysts exhibit a self-adjusting surface active for acetone hydrogenation. Surface coverage effects, driven by adsorbate interactions, influence reaction kinetics across various conditions, crucial for accurate modeling.

Keywords:
hydrogenationplatinumreaction kineticssurface coverage

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Surface science
  • Chemical kinetics

Background:

  • Platinum catalysts are widely used for hydrogenation reactions.
  • Understanding surface behavior under reaction conditions is key to optimizing catalyst performance.
  • Acetone hydrogenation is an important industrial process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-adjusting surface properties of platinum during acetone hydrogenation.
  • To elucidate the role of surface coverage effects on reaction kinetics.
  • To develop a microkinetic model that accurately describes experimental observations.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction kinetics measurements (steady-state and transient).
  • Density-functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations.
  • Microkinetic modeling incorporating coverage-dependent parameters.

Main Results:

  • Platinum exhibits a self-adjusting surface active for acetone hydrogenation over a broad range of conditions.
  • Surface coverage significantly impacts the adsorption strength of intermediates.
  • Experimental kinetics data align with microkinetic modeling when coverage effects are dynamically included.

Conclusions:

  • Adsorbate-adsorbate repulsive interactions on platinum surfaces adjust with reaction conditions, leading to self-adjustment.
  • Accurate microkinetic models must dynamically incorporate surface coverage effects for reliable predictions.
  • This work provides a deeper understanding of platinum catalysis for acetone hydrogenation.