Overview of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether additive as an eco-friendly fuel for an internal combustion engine:...

The combustion of conventional fuels within the transportation sector is a crucial driver of global warming and produces a number of harmful emissions. To decrease these adverse factors, the development of synthetic fuels produced from renewable energy sources via the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen (H₂) has progressed significantly. Eco-friendly fuels have a reduced impact on the environment throughout their production and use cycles. In recent years, the use of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE_n) as fuels has received an increasing amount of attention, owing to their engine performance and reduced environmental impact. The specific target of this paper is to systematically review the field of PODE_n application-based additives as fuel for internal combustion engines. The background and highlights of current and future applications of PODE_n are also discussed, and the challenges associated with the use of this additive are also briefly reviewed. A number of studies have shown that the use of fuel mixtures with up to 10% PODE_3-4 can have a significant impact on the reduction of engine emissions. PODE_n have been shown to reduce the emissions of soot, particulates, CO, and HC under different parameters and working conditions, although NO_x and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) emissions have been found to increase. Additionally, PODE_n can be produced from natural gas or electric power via CO₂ activation in a sustainable manner, which represents a significant benefit with regard to the use of oil-based products. Finally, fossil fuels blended with PODE_n can be easily ignited and burned at stoichiometric conditions.