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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Histology of the Uterus01:19

Histology of the Uterus

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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
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Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

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Placental Anatomy and Function in Twin Gestations.

Matthew A Shanahan1, Michael W Bebbington1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Mailstop 8064-37-1005, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|February 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Understanding placental anatomy in twin gestations is crucial due to increased risks. Monochorionic twins face unique complications, necessitating informed placental evaluation for better maternal and infant outcomes.

Keywords:
Monochorionic placentaSelective intrauterine growth restrictionTwin anemia-polycythemia sequenceTwin placentaTwin reversed arterial perfusionTwin-to-twin transfusion syndrome

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Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
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Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
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Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

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Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye
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Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
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Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Pathology

Background:

  • Twin gestations are increasing.
  • Placentation differences in twins elevate pregnancy risks.
  • Monochorionic twins have unique placental architecture, leading to specific complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of understanding placental anatomy in twin pregnancies.
  • To correlate placental findings with clinical outcomes in twins.
  • To improve placental evaluation by perinatal pathologists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of placental anatomy in twin gestations.
  • Correlation of placental findings with clinical complications.
  • Analysis of specific monochorionic twin complications.

Main Results:

  • Unique placental architecture in monochorionic twins predisposes to complications.
  • Identified complications include twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia-polycythemia sequence, selective intrauterine growth restriction, and twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence.
  • Clinical correlations between placental anatomy and pregnancy outcomes were established.

Conclusions:

  • Informed placental evaluation is essential for managing twin gestations.
  • Understanding placental variations aids in predicting and managing twin pregnancy complications.
  • Improved perinatal pathology evaluations lead to better care for mothers and twins.