Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

1.7K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.7K
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

907
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
907
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

848
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
848
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

929
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
929
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

487
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
487

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Splicing deficiency is driven by genomic erosion in non-recombining algal mating-type chromosomes.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

The temporal stability of visual cortical processing in humans depends on early experience.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Emergence of Neural Face Selectivity in Infants Younger Than 4 Months Old.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
Same author

[Medical Delegation to Physician Assistants (PAs): Organizational Liability as the Primary Risk in Borderline Cases].

Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))·2026
Same author

Extensive splicing deficiency in a degenerating mating-type chromosome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Delayed language access hampers but does not hinder visual statistical learning in deaf and hard of hearing children.

Journal of experimental child psychology·2025
Same journal

Integrative perspectives on electroacupuncture modulation of vagal-cholinergic and neuro-immune-metabolic regulation in long COVID.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Fatigue relief is possible.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Progress and ongoing conceptual challenges "on the way to integrative human neuroscience"-ten years after.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Consciousness emerges from temporal integration across biological scales: from cellular memory to phenomenological experience.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
Same journal

High serum uric acid levels explains the negative impact of the altitude adaptation index on the brain electroencephalographic Microstate D under high-altitude hypoxic conditions.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Synergistic efficacy of combined neurolysis and methylcobalamin in peripheral nerve injury: a randomized clinical trial.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.8K

Feedback Modulates Audio-Visual Spatial Recalibration.

Alexander Kramer1, Brigitte Röder1, Patrick Bruns1

  • 1Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
|February 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External feedback and reward modulate crossmodal recalibration. Feedback based on visual stimuli strengthened the ventriloquism aftereffect (VAE), while feedback on auditory stimuli reduced it, suggesting top-down influences on sensory integration.

Keywords:
crossmodal learningcrossmodal recalibrationfeedbackmultisensorysound localizationspatial perceptionsupervised learningventriloquism aftereffect

More Related Videos

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

14.9K
A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 29, 2025

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.8K
Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

14.9K
A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Crossmodal recalibration is essential for accurate spatial perception in dynamic environments.
  • The ventriloquism aftereffect (VAE) demonstrates auditory space recalibrating towards vision after audiovisual conflict.
  • Existing VAE research suggests internal consistency but not necessarily environmental accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if external feedback and reward influence the magnitude of the ventriloquism aftereffect (VAE).
  • To determine how feedback modality (visual vs. auditory stimulus position) affects crossmodal recalibration.
  • To explore the role of top-down influences in preventing auditory miscalibration.

Main Methods:

  • Participants adapted to spatially discrepant audio-visual stimuli (VS).
  • Error feedback was provided based on either the visual or auditory stimulus position.
  • Monetary reward was given for accurate sound localization below a performance threshold.

Main Results:

  • Feedback based on visual stimulus position amplified the VAE.
  • Feedback based on auditory stimulus position reduced the VAE and improved localization accuracy.
  • Auditory VAE was observed only when feedback was based on visual stimulus position.

Conclusions:

  • Crossmodal recalibration is subject to top-down influences, modulated by external feedback.
  • Feedback indicating visual inaccuracy can prevent auditory miscalibration towards conflicting visual stimuli.
  • This suggests a mechanism for maintaining accurate spatial representation in complex environments.