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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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Isochoric and Isobaric Processes01:21

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only. 
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Isothermal Processes01:21

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
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What is Climate?01:16

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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Recent Progress in Greenland Ice Sheet Modelling.

Heiko Goelzer1,2, Alexander Robinson3,4,5, Helene Seroussi6

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advancements in Greenland ice sheet modeling utilize high-resolution data for accurate sea-level projections. Future research will focus on fully coupled ice sheet-climate system simulations for improved Earth system understanding.

Keywords:
Greenland ice sheetIce dynamicsIce sheet–climate interactionsIce thermodynamicsNumerical modellingSea-level rise

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Glaciology
  • Climate Modeling

Background:

  • Numerical modeling of ice sheet dynamics is crucial for understanding sea-level rise.
  • The Greenland ice sheet's response to climate change requires sophisticated modeling approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on Greenland ice sheet dynamics modeling.
  • To provide an overview of advancements and identify future research directions.
  • To focus on large-scale modeling, projections, parameterizations, paleo applications, and Earth system coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of numerical modeling studies.
  • Analysis of data assimilation techniques.
  • Examination of model coupling with other Earth system components.

Main Results:

  • Data assimilation has improved Greenland ice sheet model reliability using remote sensing and paleo observations.
  • High-resolution satellite and airborne data are increasingly used for initializing ice sheet models.
  • Progress has been made in modeling long-term ice sheet evolution and Earth system interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Centennial-scale simulations using initialized ice sheet models are vital for policy-relevant sea-level projections.
  • Improved representations of Earth system interactions are enhancing long-term ice sheet evolution modeling.
  • Fully coupled Greenland ice sheet-climate system simulations are anticipated in the near future.