High-stability, high-voltage power supplies for use with multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrographs

Achieving the highest possible mass resolving power in a multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer requires very high-stability power supplies. To this end, we have developed a programmable high-voltage power supply that can achieve long-term stability in the order of parts-per-million. Herein, we present the design of a stable high-voltage system and bench-top stability measurements up to 1 kV; a stabilization technique can, in principle, be applied up to 15 kV or more. We demonstrate that in the ≤1 Hz band, the output stability is at the level of 1 part per million (ppm) for 1 h, with only slightly more output variation across 3 days. We further demonstrate that the output is largely free of noise in the 1 Hz-200 Hz band. We also demonstrate settling to the ppm level within 1 min following a 100 V step transition. Finally, we demonstrate that when these power supplies are used to bias the electrodes of a multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph, the measured time-of-flight is stable at the ppm-level for at least 1 h.