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Emerging PCR-Based Techniques to Study HIV-1 Reservoir Persistence.

Laurens Lambrechts1,2, Basiel Cole1, Sofie Rutsaert1

  • 1HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Viruses
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Current HIV-1 therapies halt progression but are not curative due to the latent viral reservoir. This review covers PCR technologies for studying this reservoir, aiding future HIV cure research.

Keywords:
HIV-1HIV-1 genomeHIV-1 reservoirNGSPCRintegration sitereplication-competentsequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapies (ART) control HIV-1 but do not eliminate the latent viral reservoir, leading to rebound upon treatment cessation.
  • The persistent HIV-1 latent reservoir is the primary obstacle to achieving a functional cure for HIV-1.
  • Understanding reservoir persistence mechanisms is crucial for developing curative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current PCR-based technologies for characterizing the replication-competent HIV-1 reservoir.
  • To outline the advantages, limitations, and clinical relevance of various PCR-based assays.
  • To highlight the need for advanced, high-throughput methods in HIV-1 cure research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PCR-based techniques for HIV-1 reservoir quantification.
  • Analysis of different assays, including their sensitivity, specificity, and throughput.
  • Discussion of the clinical applicability and standardization of these methods.

Main Results:

  • Various PCR-based technologies exist for studying the HIV-1 reservoir, each with unique strengths and weaknesses.
  • Current methods allow for in-depth characterization of reservoir size and replication capacity.
  • Standardization and high-throughput capabilities are needed for efficient reservoir analysis.

Conclusions:

  • PCR-based technologies are essential tools for investigating the HIV-1 latent reservoir.
  • Further development towards high-throughput and standardized assays will accelerate HIV-1 eradication research.
  • Improved characterization of the reservoir is key to overcoming the barrier to an HIV-1 cure.