Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis Development

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Nutrition Science
• Cardiovascular Research

Background:

• Gut microbiota metabolites significantly impact host digestive function and overall health.
• Intestinal microbes regulate host metabolism and nutrient absorption via serotonin, cytokines, and metabolites.
• Gut microbiota converts dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances, enhancing their activity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the effects of gut metabolites from natural products on atherosclerosis.
• To elucidate the mechanisms by which gut metabolites influence atherosclerosis development.
• To highlight the role of gut microbial metabolites in vascular health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on gut microbiota, metabolites, and atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of regulatory mechanisms involving serotonin, cytokines, and metabolites.
• Examination of the impact of polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics on gut microbiota.

Main Results:

• Gut microbial metabolites indirectly affect atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation.
• Reduced gut microbial diversity correlates negatively with atherosclerosis development.
• Gut metabolites directly impact vascular endothelial cells and macrophage foam cell formation.

Conclusions:

• Improving gut microbial diversity and number is a potential strategy for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.
• Gut microbial metabolites play a crucial role in cardiovascular health.
• Natural products and dietary interventions can modulate gut microbiota for therapeutic benefits.