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Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Implicit bias for suicide persists after ideation resolves.

Tony T Wells1, Raymond P Tucker2, Morganne A Kraines3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 North Murray, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implicit bias for suicide may be a lasting trait, not a temporary state. This finding is crucial for understanding cognitive biases in individuals with suicidal ideation (SI) and using them as markers.

Keywords:
Affect misattributionCognitive biasSuicide ideation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Individuals with suicidal ideation (SI) exhibit automatic, unconscious associations between suicide-related information and the self.
  • It remains unclear if this implicit bias is a transient state or an enduring trait.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic nature of implicit bias in relation to suicidal ideation.
  • To determine if implicit bias resolves with reduced SI or persists.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 79 young adults (22 with past SI, 57 with no history).
  • Administered a structured interview for current and past SI.
  • Utilized the Suicide Affect Misattribution Procedure to assess implicit associations.

Main Results:

  • Participants with a history of SI showed significantly greater implicit bias towards suicide compared to those without.
  • No significant differences were found in responses to negative, positive, or neutral stimuli between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Suicide-relevant implicit bias appears to be a trait-like process that endures even after SI resolves.
  • Findings have implications for conceptualizing cognitive bias in suicide and its use as an indirect marker.