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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Risk of advanced chronic kidney disease among adults with spina bifida
Daniel G Whitney1, Jessica Pruente2, Mary Schmidt2
1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Purpose:
Adults with spina bifida (SB) may be susceptible to accelerated progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to advanced stages. However, little is known regarding risk of advanced CKD for this underserved population. The objective was to estimate the risk of advanced CKD among adults with vs. without SB.
Methods:
Data were from Optum Clinformatics Data Mart. Adults (18+ years) without advanced CKD (CKD stages 4+) in 2013 were followed from 01/01/2014 to advanced CKD, death, loss to follow-up, or 12/31/2017. Diagnostic, procedure, and diagnosis-related group codes were used to identify SB, advanced CKD, and baseline cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. Incidence rate (IR) and IR ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of advanced CKD were estimated. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incidence of advanced CKD.
Results:
The crude IR of advanced CKD was 7.40 for adults with SB (n = 4295) and 6.25 for adults without SB (n = 6.6 M). After adjusting for demographics, adults with SB had greater risk of advanced CKD compared to adults without SB (HR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.72-2.60), which remained elevated with further adjustment for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes (HR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.55-2.35).
Conclusions:
Adults with SB may have greater risk of advanced CKD incidence compared to adults without SB.
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