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Imaging brain function with simultaneous BOLD and viscoelasticity contrast: fMRI/fMRE.

Patricia S Lan1, Kevin J Glaser2, Richard L Ehman2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

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|February 5, 2020
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Summary

Functional magnetic resonance elastography (fMRE) maps brain stiffness changes during visual tasks. This new method reveals increased visual cortex stiffness, correlating with fMRI BOLD signals, proving fMRE

Keywords:
BOLDMultimodalStiffnessViscoelasticityfMREfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging technique for assessing brain viscoelasticity.
  • Understanding functional brain processes requires tools to measure dynamic tissue property changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel time series method for generating functional MRE (fMRE) activation maps.
  • To simultaneously acquire fMRE and functional MRI (fMRI) data for direct comparison of stiffness and BOLD responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single-shot spin-echo (SS-SE) pulse sequence for simultaneous BOLD and MRE data acquisition.
  • Applied a time series analysis and dictionary matching approach to characterize viscoelastic changes.
  • Generated fMRE activation maps from image phase data and fMRI maps from magnitude data.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated robust fMRE activation maps in response to a visual checkerboard stimulus.
  • Observed a 6-11% increase in visual cortex stiffness (fMRE) with visual stimuli, compared to 1-2% BOLD signal change (fMRI).
  • Found strong spatial overlap between fMRE and fMRI activation maps, confirming fMRE feasibility in the brain.

Conclusions:

  • fMRE is a viable technique for mapping functional brain viscoelasticity.
  • Simultaneous fMRE/fMRI acquisition allows for direct comparison of stiffness and hemodynamic responses.
  • Further research is needed to address the heterogeneity of fMRE temporal SNR across the brain.